Plate is thick, flat-rolled steel produced from slab or ingot, and is mostly sold as discrete pieces but also coiled. It is available in carbon, alloy and stainless grades. It has a width of more than eight inches, with a thickness ranging from one quarter of an inch to more than one foot.

An offshore structure that is permanently fixed to the seabed.

To fill a well’s borehole with cement or other impervious material to prevent the flow of water, gas or oil from one strata to another when a well is abandoned; to screw a metal plug into a pipeline to shut off drainage or to divert the stream of oil to a connecting line to stop the flow of oil or gas.

A measure of cell performance that indicates the relationship between current density and voltage across a fuel cell.

A measure of the relative volume of void space in rock to the total rock volume. These spaces or pores are where oil and gas accumulate; therefore, a formation containing a high percentage of porosity can contain more hydrocarbons.

These are metals that have been converted into fine powders for subsequent processing into finished parts. The powder is most typically produced by atomisation, whereby a steam of molten metal is separated into very small particles by a high pressure jet of gas or liquid, with the particles solidifying before they are collected. Electrolytic, chemical and mechanical methods are also used.

Power oil is the process in which crude oil is pressurized at the surface to energize the bottom pump during hydraulic pumping. 

A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) often refers to a long-term electricity supply agreement between two parties, usually between a power producer and a customer (an electricity consumer or trader). The PPA defines the conditions of the agreement, such as the amount of electricity to be supplied, negotiated prices, accounting, and penalties for non-compliance.  A PPA is the principal agreement that defines the revenue and credit quality of a generating project and is thus a key instrument of project finance. There are many forms of PPA in use today and they vary according to the needs of buyer, seller, and financing counter parties.

This is a heat treatment technique which is used on certain forms of stainless steel, as well as certain non-ferrous metals like aluminium, nickel and titanium. The technique, often called age hardening, increases the strength and hardness of the metal. At the end of the heating period the metal is cooled using air, oil or water.

A pressurised alkaline water electrolyser operates like a standard alkaline electrolyser but produces hydrogen at elevated pressure. This reduces the need for downstream compression and improves efficiency for storage and transport applications.

Recovery of oil or gas from a reservoir purely by using the natural pressure in the reservoir to force the oil or gas out.

The water extracted from the subsurface with oil and gas. It may include water from the reservoir, water that has been injected into the formation, and any chemicals added during the production/treatment process. Produced water is also called ‘brine’ (and may contain high mineral or salt content) or ‘formation water’.

A well which produces fluids (gas, oil or water).

Proton exchange membranes,aso referred to as polymer electrolyte membranes due to their composition,separate the feed gases in a PEMFC or DMFC and act as the electrolyte by allowing the passage of protons.

Proton exchange or polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells use a solid acid membrane as the electrolyte. PEMFC operate at low temperatures(100C) and use platinum-containing electrodes.