A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon gases that is highly compressible and expansible. Natural gas is often found in association with crude petroleum. 

The portions of gas from a reservoir that are liquified at the surface in separators, field facilities, or gas processing plants. NGL from gas processing plants is also called liquified petroleum gas (LPG). Natural gas liquids include propane, butane, pentane, hexane and heptane, but not methane and ethane, since these hydrocarbons need refrigeration to be liquefied. 

This is a well in which the formation pressure is sufficient to produce oil at a commercial rate without requiring a pump.

This is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. The process involves removing acidic contaminants from muds and formation of emulsifiers in oil mud. 

The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is a driving cycle, last updated in 1997 that was designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles).

Next-generation batteries can charge, recharge, and discharge quickly; often while simultaneously cutting costs. The latest generation of EV and grid scale storage batteries have a higher capacity, a higher efficiency, and are longer-lasting, than standard lithium-ion batteries. New varieties of advanced batteries last with a high capacity for 20+ years; and can charge in minutes.

The most common type of high capacity, widely used, advanced batteries being developed today are lithium-ion batteries made in combination with other metals or other elements; creating a new battery technology, like li-ion cobalt oxide. A few other examples of advanced li-ion next-gen battery technologies currently on the market include: li-ion cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, li-ion silicon, li-ion manganese oxide, li-ion sulphur, and li-ion solid state. 

The best-in-class batteries based on advanced li-ion chemistry are more efficient, greener, lighter, longer lasting, often rechargable; and have a higher capacity than conventional batteries. Advanced next-gen li-ion batteries could revolutionise battery technology for electric vehicles, grid storage, commercial/ municipal buildings, RVs, boats, and other several applications.

Nickel is a chemical element that is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. It is an important constituent of stainless steel, and increases the tensile strength of carbon steel. It is also essential to some other alloys capable of operating at very high temperatures and/or in very aggressive environments. 

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Nickel is one of four elements (the others are iron, cobalt, and gadolinium) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature. The metal is valuable in modern times chiefly in alloys; about 68% of world production is used in stainless steel. A further 10% is used for nickel-based and copper-based alloys, 7% for alloy steels, 3% in foundries, 9% in plating and 4% in other applications, including the fast-growing battery sector, including those in electric vehicles (EVs).

Nickel-based alloys are developed for very high temperature service where relatively high stresses are encountered and where high surface stability is frequently required. Typical applications are aircraft turbine and land-based turbine components.

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides chemistry (abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM) involves a cathode combination of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have the general formula LiNixMnyCozO2. Most electric vehicles manufacturers use NMC batteries. 

Natural gas produced from a reservoir that does not contain significant quantities of crude oil.

Non-prime usually describes steel which is unsuitable for its originally intended application – either because of its metallurgy or physical condition – or is in excess of the tonnage required to fulfil a particular contract (over-rolled). Much non-prime is the result of defects created during steelmaking and downstream processing – and as a result this steel does not have the mill certification associated with prime material. 

Normalising is a process where a heat treatment is applied to steel for relief of internal stress, based on heating and subsequent air cooling. This is a process similar to annealing, where metal is heated to a high temperature and held at this temperature for several hours to improve grain structure. Unlike annealing, however, where the metal is cooled slowly in the furnace, here it is cooled more swiftly by removing it from the furnace to cool in air. This makes the metal stronger and harder than it would be after annealing, and because of this the normalising process is often employed to treat steel plate used for pressure vessel fabrication.