Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard brittle slivery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. High grade, high purity manganese is used as a primary cathode material in lithium-ion manganese batteries or NCM batteries.

Membrane electrode assembly,a structured component in a PEMFC and DMFC,consisting of a membrane with an electrode on each side.

Where the molten steel is produced and cast into semifinished steel products.

This separates two electrodes of a fuel cell,acting as the electrolyte and allowing passage of ions between the electrodes.

Methanol is a fuel used in DMFCs.

A group of commodity steel shapes that consist of rounds, squares, flats, strips, angles, and channels, which fabricators, steel service centers and manufacturers cut, bend and shape into products. Merchant products require more specialized processing than reinforcing bar.

Most pig iron is produced in blast furnaces for subsequent steelmaking at integrated steelworks, and is transferred as molten iron from BF to nearby oxygen converters. But a much smaller tonnage is produced for sale as a steelmaking or foundry raw material. This merchant pig iron is mostly made in coke or charcoal fuelled BFs and sold as ingot. Pig iron is a supplement to ferrous scrap in the EAF, and may be used instead of, or in addition to direct reduced iron or hot briquetted iron in order to make higher grades of steel that may not be achievable using only scrap.

MHEV (Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles) are automobiles with an internal combustion engine (ICE) equipped with an electric machine (one motor/generator in a parallel hybrid configuration) allowing the engine to be turned off whenever the car is coasting, braking, or stopped, yet restart quickly. Mild hybrids may employ regenerative braking and some level of power assist to the internal combustion engine (ICE), but mild hybrids do not have an electric-only mode of propulsion

Micro-combined heat and power fuel cells refer to stationary units designed to provide electricity,hot water and sometimes space heating. These can either be for residential use or for small offices and commercial buildings.

A term sometimes used to refer to those industry activities that fall between exploration and production (upstream) and refining and marketing (downstream). The term is most often applied to pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas.

Mild steel is a low carbon steel that is also often referred to as soft steel. It usually has a carbon content which is under 0.25%.

Mill scale forms on the surface of steel when oxygen reacts with very hot metal to form iron oxides. This occurs immediately after casting, and during reheating and hot rolling. The scale, which can range in size from a few microns to several centimetres across, has to be removed, otherwise it will damage the surface finish of the steel during any subsequent rolling. High pressure water jets are used to blast away the scale, and on a hot strip mill this occurs as the steel passes down the run-out table from the roughing mill.

A solid and naturally occurring inorganic substance. Minerals are distinguished from one another by careful observation or measurement of physical properties such as density, crystal form and hardness.

Normally defined as steel mills that melt scrap metal to produce commodity products. Although the mini-mills are subject to the same steel processing requirements after the caster as the integrated steel companies, they differ greatly in regard to their minimum efficient size, labour relations, product markets, and management style.

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized commodity that is of economic interest to the miner. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory.