The costs of mining, milling and concentrating, onsite administration and general expenses, property and production royalties not related to revenues or profits, metal concentrate treatment charges, and freight and marketing costs less the net value of the by-product credits.

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, silvery-white divalent metal. It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms complex compounds. Unlike most other metals, cadmium is resistant to corrosion and is used as a protective plate on other metals. The nickel–cadmium battery (Ni-Cd battery or NiCad battery) is a type of rechargeable battery using nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes.

Capacitance is the ratio of the amount of electric charge stored on a conductor to a difference in electric potential.

This is a steel that is made up mostly of the element carbon. It relies on the carbon content for its structure. Most of the steel produced in the world is carbon steel.

This is a method of heat treatment which increases the hardness of the surface of low carbon steels, while leaving a softer interior which is tougher and more fracture resistant. The hardness is usually achieved by dissolving either carbon or nitrogen in the surface layer of the steel.

Casing is the structural retainer for the walls of oil and gas wells. The process is used to prevent contamination of both the surrounding water table and the well itself. Casing lasts the life of a well and is not usually removed when a well is closed.

Casing is the term given to pipe that is cemented into the well to seal off formation fluids or to keep the hole from caving in. Casing pipe is usually manufactured from plain carbon steel that is heat-treated to varying strengths, but may be specially fabricated of stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, fiberglass and other materials.

An assembled length of steel pipe configured to suit a specific wellbore. The sections of pipe are connected and lowered into a wellbore, then cemented in place.

This is the process of pouring molten metal into a mould enabling the cool and solid metal to retain the shape of the mould.

A catalyst increases the rate of reaction without itself being consumed. In a fuel Cell catalysts are used for the electrodes(to break down hydrogen into electrones and protons).

This refers to the mass of catalyst per unit area of a fuel cell electrode.

The oxygen/air electrode in a fuell cell where reduction occurs.

Cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. You can easily remember this definition by using the mnemonic CCD for Cathode Current Departs. A conventional current describes the direction in which positive charges move. Electrons have a negative electrical charge, so the movement of electrons is opposite to that of the conventional current flow. Consequently, the mnemonic cathode current departs also means that electrons flow into the device's cathode from the external circuit.

Combined cooling, heat and power utilises the waste heat from the fuel cell with absorption chillers to provide air conditioning and hot or cold water alongside electricity.

CHAdeMO is a DC charging standard for electric vehicles. It enables seamless communication between the car and the charger and is an abbreviation of “CHArge de MOve,” equivalent to “charge for moving,” and is a pun for “O cha demo ikaga desuka.” in Japanese, meaning “Let's have a cup of tea while charging.”