Rock in which oil and gas are found in exploitable quantities.

Palladium is one of the platinum group of metals and can be used for the purification of reformed hydrogen for fuel cells.

The process by which iron ore is crushed, ground into a powder, rolled into balls and fired in a furnace to produce strong, marble-sized pellets that contain 60% to 65% iron. Raw iron ore pellets are generally manufactured within certain size categories and with mechanical properties high enough to maintain usefulness during the stresses of transference, transport, and use. 

A measure of the resistance of rock to the movement of fluids. Rocks may have holes or void spaces in them (porosity), but if these holes do not connect, the permeability can be drastically reduced.

A complex mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbon compounds found in rock. Petroleum can range from solid to gas, but the term is generally used to refer to liquid crude oil. Impurities such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen are common in petroleum.

A PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, and also internally by its on-board internal combustion engine-powered generator. Most PHEVs are passenger cars, but there are also PHEV versions of commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, mopeds, and even military vehicles.

Phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. The three principal phosphate producer countries are China, Morocco and the United States which account for about 70% of world production. Phosphate is a component of lithium iron phosphate batteries. This battery chemistry is often used in power tools, electric vehicles, solar energy installations and more recently large grid-scale energy storage.

Phosphoric acid fuel cells use phosphoric acid as the electrolyte. Their operating temperature is typically higher than for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, at around 200C.

Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic contaminants, rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, and aluminium alloys. Through a continuous process,steel is uncoiled and sent through a series of hydrochloric acid baths that remove oxides such as rust. The steel sheet is then rinsed and dried.

The product produced in the blast furnace which results from smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke.

A key intermediate material in the integrated (converter-based) steelmaking process, pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore, coke and limestone in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications. 

The disappearance of a porous, permeable formation between two layers of impervious rock. The gradual, vertical thinning of a formation, over a horizontal or near-horizontal distance, until it disappears.

Pink hydrogen is generated through electrolysis powered by nuclear energy. Nuclear-produced hydrogen can also be referred to as purple hydrogen or red hydrogen. In addition, the very high temperatures from nuclear reactors could be used in other hydrogen productions by producing steam for more efficient electrolysis or fossil gas-based steam methane reforming.

A sufficiently dry gas that will not drop out natural gas liquids when entering the gas pipeline; also, gas with enough pressure to enter high-pressure gas pipelines.

SOFCs can have multiple geometries. The planar geometry is the typical sandwich type geometry employed by most other fuel cells,where the electrolyte is sandwiched in between the electrodes.